Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Lithium-Ion Battery Discharge Curve Analysis

Feem ntau siv cov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb- - qhov kev faib tawm nkhaus tsom xam lub tswv yim

Thaum lub roj teeb lithium-ion tso tawm, nws lub zog ua haujlwm ib txwm hloov pauv tas li nrog lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv. Lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb yog siv raws li kev tswj hwm, lub sijhawm tso tawm, lossis lub peev xwm, lossis lub xeev tus nqi (SOC), lossis qhov tob tob (DOD) raws li abscissa, thiab qhov nkhaus kos yog hu ua qhov paug tawm. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam tus yam ntxwv nkhaus ntawm lub roj teeb, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab qhov voltage ntawm lub roj teeb hauv txoj cai.

[Voltage ntawm lub roj teeb]

Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrode los tsim lub roj teeb yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no: cov txheej txheem ntawm kev poob cov electron hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj (piv txwv li txheej txheem oxidation) thiab cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov hluav taws xob (xws li cov txheej txheem txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) yuav tsum tau muab cais ua ob qhov sib txawv, uas txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox dav dav; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox ntawm cov khoom nquag ntawm ob lub electrodes yuav tsum raug xa mus los ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab nraud, uas txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv microbattery hauv cov txheej txheem hlau corrosion. Qhov voltage ntawm lub roj teeb yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo electrode thiab qhov tsis zoo electrode. Qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb tsis muaj xws li qhib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, ua haujlwm voltage, them nqi thiab tawm hluav taws xob txiav tawm, thiab lwm yam.

[Electrode peev xwm ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb khoom]

Electrode muaj peev xwm hais txog qhov immersion ntawm ib qho khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj electrolyte, uas qhia cov nyhuv hluav taws xob, uas yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau thiab cov tshuaj. Qhov kev sib txawv no yog hu ua lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau hauv kev daws teeb meem lossis lub peev xwm ntawm cov electrode. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub peev xwm electrode yog ib tug nyiam rau ib tug ion los yog atom kom tau ib tug electron.

Yog li ntawd, rau tej yam zoo electrode los yog tsis zoo electrode khoom, thaum muab tso rau hauv ib tug electrolyte nrog ib tug lithium ntsev, nws muaj peev xwm electrode yog qhia raws li:

Qhov twg φ c yog lub peev xwm electrode ntawm cov khoom no. Tus txheej txheem hydrogen electrode muaj peev xwm tau teem rau 0.0V.

[Open-circuit voltage ntawm lub roj teeb]

Lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb yog tus nqi theoretical xam raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub roj teeb uas siv cov txheej txheem thermodynamic, uas yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb thiab qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes thaum lub voj voog tawg yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. tias lub roj teeb tuaj yeem muab qhov voltage. Qhov tseeb, qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes tsis tas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub thermodynamic equilibrium lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub electrolyte, uas yog, lub electrode muaj peev xwm tsim los ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes ntawm lub roj teeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj electrolyte yog feem ntau tsis yog lub equilibrium electrode muaj peev xwm, yog li qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes ntawm lub roj teeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj electrolyte yog feem ntau tsis yog lub equilibrium electrode muaj peev xwm. qhib-circuit voltage ntawm lub roj teeb feem ntau me dua nws cov electromotive quab yuam. Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrode:

Xav txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov khoom siv reactant thiab kev ua haujlwm (lossis concentration) ntawm cov khoom nquag dhau sijhawm, qhov tseeb qhib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau hloov kho los ntawm lub zog sib npaug:

Qhov twg R yog cov pa tsis tu ncua, T yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab a yog cov khoom tivthaiv lossis cov concentration. Qhov qhib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tsis zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm geometry thiab qhov loj ntawm lub roj teeb. Lithium ion electrode cov ntaub ntawv npaj rau hauv tus ncej, thiab lithium hlau daim ntawv sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub pob ib nrab roj teeb, tuaj yeem ntsuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv SOC lub xeev sib txawv ntawm qhov qhib qhov hluav taws xob, qhib qhov hluav taws xob nkhaus yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, roj teeb cia qhib qhov hluav taws xob poob, tab sis tsis loj heev, yog hais tias qhov qhib voltage poob sai heev los yog amplitude yog txawv txav tshwm sim. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg bipolar thiab kev tso tawm tus kheej ntawm lub roj teeb yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis ntawm qhov qhib hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw cia, suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub npog ntsej muag ntawm cov khoom siv electrode zoo thiab tsis zoo; Qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsis txaus ntawm cov electrode, kev sib cais thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cov hlau txawv teb chaws impurities, thiab micro luv Circuit Court tshwm sim los ntawm diaphragm ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes. Thaum lub roj teeb lithium ion yog kev laus, qhov kev hloov ntawm K tus nqi (voltage poob) yog cov txheej txheem tsim thiab ruaj khov ntawm SEI zaj duab xis ntawm cov khoom siv electrode. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob poob siab dhau lawm, muaj lub micro-short circuit hauv, thiab lub roj teeb raug txiav txim tias tsis tsim nyog.

[Battery Polarization]

Thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov electrode, qhov tshwm sim uas cov electrode deviates los ntawm qhov sib npaug electrode muaj peev xwm hu ua polarization, thiab polarization generates lub overpotential. Raws li qhov ua rau polarization, polarization tuaj yeem muab faib ua ohmic polarization, concentration polarization thiab electrochemical polarization. FIG. 2 yog qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm lub roj teeb thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam polarization ntawm qhov voltage.

 Daim duab 1. Tej yam paug tawm nkhaus thiab polarization

(1) Ohmic polarization: tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm txhua feem ntawm lub roj teeb, lub siab poob tus nqi raws li ohm txoj cai, tam sim no txo ​​qis, polarization txo tam sim ntawd, thiab tam sim no ploj tam sim tom qab nws nres.

(2) Electrochemical polarization: lub polarization yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical qeeb ntawm electrode nto. Nws txo qis hauv qib microsecond raws li qhov tam sim no ua me me.

(3) Concentration polarization: vim lub retardation ntawm ion diffusion txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov kev daws, qhov concentration sib txawv ntawm cov nto ntawm lub electrode thiab cov tshuaj lub cev yog polarized nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam tam sim no. Qhov polarization no txo ​​qis los yog ploj mus raws li cov hluav taws xob tam sim no txo ​​qis ntawm macroscopic vib nas this (ob peb vib nas this mus rau kaum vib nas this).

Cov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm lub roj teeb nce nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov tso tawm tam sim no ntawm lub roj teeb, uas yog vim qhov loj tawm tam sim no nce lub polarization qauv ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab qhov loj dua qhov tawm tam sim no, qhov pom tseeb dua qhov sib txawv polarization, raws li qhia. Nyob rau hauv daim duab 2. Raws li Ohm txoj cai: V = E0-IRT, nrog rau kev nce nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho kuj RT, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau lub roj teeb voltage mus txog lub discharge cut-off voltage yog correspondingly txo, yog li ntawd lub peev xwm tso tawm kuj yog. txo.

Daim duab 2. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no ntawm lub polarization

Lithium ion roj teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lithium ion concentration roj teeb. Cov txheej txheem them thiab tso tawm ntawm lithium ion roj teeb yog txheej txheem ntawm embedding thiab stripping ntawm lithium ions nyob rau hauv qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes. Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau polarization ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb muaj xws li:

(1) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm electrolyte: qis conductivity ntawm electrolyte yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau lub polarization ntawm lithium ion roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov conductivity ntawm electrolyte siv rau lithium-ion roj teeb feem ntau tsuas yog 0.01 ~ 0.1S / cm, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov aqueous tov. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub roj teeb lithium-ion tso tawm ntawm lub siab tam sim no, nws lig dhau lawm los ntxiv Li + los ntawm electrolyte, thiab qhov tshwm sim polarization yuav tshwm sim. Kev txhim kho cov conductivity ntawm cov electrolyte yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhim kho lub siab tam sim no tawm peev ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab tsis zoo: qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab cov khoom tsis zoo loj lithium ion particles diffusion mus rau saum npoo, uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev tso tawm loj.

(3) Tus neeg saib xyuas tus neeg saib xyuas: cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev conductive yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tawm ntawm qhov sib piv siab. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev hauv cathode tsis txaus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm loj tam sim no tawm, thiab cov polarization sab hauv tsis kam nce sai, yog li ntawd lub roj teeb hluav taws xob tau txo qis mus rau qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm. .

(4) Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus qauv tsim: ncej tuab: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa tawm tam sim no loj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ntawm cov khoom siv tau nrawm heev, uas yuav tsum tau muaj lithium ion kom nrawm nrawm thiab tshem tawm hauv cov khoom siv. Yog hais tias tus ncej phaj yog tuab thiab txoj kev ntawm lithium ion diffusion nce, cov kev taw qhia ntawm ncej thickness yuav tsim ib tug loj lithium ion concentration gradient.

Compaction ceev: lub compaction ceev ntawm ncej ncej yog loj, lub pore yuav me me, thiab txoj kev ntawm lithium ion zog nyob rau hauv ncej ncej thickness kev taw qhia yog ntev dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog hais tias qhov compaction ceev yog loj heev, qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov khoom thiab cov electrolyte txo, qhov chaw ntawm electrode cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txo, thiab lub internal kuj ntawm lub roj teeb kuj yuav nce.

(5) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm SEI daim nyias nyias: qhov tsim ntawm SEI membrane nce qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm electrode / electrolyte interface, uas ua rau voltage hysteresis lossis polarization.

[Kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm lub roj teeb]

Kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, tseem hu ua qhov kawg voltage, hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes ntawm lub roj teeb thaum tam sim no ntws hauv Circuit Court hauv lub xeev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb tawm, thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub roj teeb, qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv sab hauv yuav tsum tau kov yeej, uas yuav ua rau ohmic siab poob thiab electrode polarization, yog li qhov ua haujlwm voltage yog ib txwm qis dua qhov qhib hluav taws xob voltage, thiab thaum them nyiaj, qhov kawg voltage yog ib txwm siab dua qhov qhib Circuit Court voltage. Ntawd yog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm polarization ua rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub roj teeb qis dua li lub peev xwm electromotive ntawm lub roj teeb, uas yog siab dua li lub peev xwm electromotive ntawm lub roj teeb.

Vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm polarization tshwm sim, qhov tam sim no voltage thiab qhov tseeb voltage nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tus nqi thiab tawm. Thaum them nyiaj, qhov tam sim no voltage me ntsis siab dua qhov tseeb voltage, lub polarization ploj mus thiab qhov hluav taws xob poob thaum lub tam sim no voltage thiab qhov tseeb voltage txo tom qab tso tawm.

Txhawm rau sau cov lus piav qhia saum toj no, cov lus qhia yog:

E +, E- - sawv cev qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, feem, E + 0 thiab E- -0 sawv cev rau qhov sib npaug electrode muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, feem, VR sawv cev rau ohmic polarization voltage, thiab η + , η - -present lub overpotential ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, feem.

[Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj tawm]

Tom qab kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm lub roj teeb hluav taws xob, peb pib txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Cov kab hluav taws xob tawm ntawm qhov pib qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov electrode, uas yog superposition ntawm lub xeev hloov ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes.

Qhov voltage nkhaus ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem

1) Thaum pib ntawm lub roj teeb, qhov hluav taws xob poob sai, thiab qhov ntau dua qhov tso tawm, qhov hluav taws xob poob sai dua;

2) Lub roj teeb hluav taws xob nkag mus rau theem hloov qeeb, uas yog hu ua lub platform ntawm lub roj teeb. Qhov tsawg dua qhov tso tawm tus nqi,

Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm thaj chaw platform, qhov siab dua lub platform voltage, qhov qis dua qhov voltage poob.

3) Thaum lub roj teeb lub zog yuav luag tiav, lub roj teeb load voltage pib poob qis kom txog rau thaum qhov hluav taws xob nres nres.

Thaum kuaj, muaj ob txoj hauv kev los sau cov ntaub ntawv

(1) Sau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, voltage thiab lub sijhawm raws li lub sijhawm teem sijhawm Δ t;

(2) Sau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub sijhawm raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv Δ V. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab cov khoom tawm tawm feem ntau suav nrog qhov tseeb tam sim no, qhov tseeb voltage thiab lub sijhawm precision. Table 2 qhia cov khoom siv tsis tau ntawm ib qho kev them nyiaj thiab tso tawm lub tshuab, qhov twg% FS sawv cev rau feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho, thiab 0.05% RD yog hais txog qhov ntsuas qhov yuam kev hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.05% ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tawm feem ntau siv CNC qhov tam sim no tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv rau kev thauj khoom, kom cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis cov kab mob cab kuj nyob hauv Circuit Court, tab sis tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov hluav taws xob E thiab sab hauv. r thiab Circuit Court tam sim no I ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho voltage qhov sib npaug rau lub roj teeb. Yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv yog siv rau kev thauj khoom, teeb tsa qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb sib npaug E, qhov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv yog r, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog R. Ntsuas qhov voltage ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm cov load kuj nrog qhov voltage. 'meter', raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no hauv daim duab 6. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, muaj cov hlau lead tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (cov kab mob parasitic tsis kam) hauv Circuit Court. Daim duab sib npaug sib npaug pom hauv FIG. 3 yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no ntawm FIG. 3. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov cab kuj yog inevitably qhia, kom tag nrho cov load kuj yuav loj, tab sis qhov ntsuas voltage yog qhov voltage ntawm ob qho tag nrho ntawm cov load kuj R, yog li qhov yuam kev yog qhia.

 Fig. 3 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thaiv daim duab thiab daim duab sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov qauv kev tawm tsam

Thaum qhov chaw tam sim no nrog rau tam sim no I1 yog siv los ua lub nra, daim duab schematic thiab daim duab sib npaug sib npaug tau pom hauv daim duab 7. E, I1 yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab r yog qhov tsis tu ncua rau ib lub sijhawm.

Los ntawm cov qauv saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem pom tias ob qhov hluav taws xob ntawm A thiab B yog qhov tsis tu ncua, uas yog, qhov tso zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov loj ntawm cov kev tawm tsam hauv lub voj, thiab tau kawg, nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua. nrog cov kab mob parasitic. Tsis tas li ntawd, plaub-terminal ntsuas hom tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub roj teeb tso zis voltage.

Daim duab 4 Equiple thaiv daim duab thiab qhov tseeb sib npaug Circuit Court daim duab ntawm qhov tam sim no qhov chaw load

Concurrent qhov chaw yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem muab qhov tam sim no mus tas li rau lub nra. Nws tseem tuaj yeem khaws cov zis tam sim no tas li thaum lub zog sab nraud hloov pauv thiab cov yam ntxwv impedance hloov.

[Txoj kev xeem hom]

Them thiab tso tawm cov cuab yeej kuaj feem ntau siv cov khoom siv semiconductor ua cov khoom ntws. Los ntawm kev kho cov teeb liab tswj ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, nws tuaj yeem simulate ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li tam sim no, tsis tu ncua siab thiab tsis tu ncua thiab lwm yam. Cov roj teeb lithium-ion tso tawm hom kev sim no feem ntau suav nrog qhov tsis tu ncua tam sim no, tsis tu ncua kev tawm, tsis tu ncua lub zog tawm, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv txhua hom kev tso tawm, qhov kev tawm mus tas li thiab lub sij hawm tawm kuj tuaj yeem muab faib, uas raws li lub sijhawm ntev, lub sij hawm tso tawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntu ntu tawm thiab pulse tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm kuaj paug, lub roj teeb tso tawm raws li lub teeb hom, thiab nres tso tawm tom qab ncav cuag cov teeb meem. Cov kev tso tawm raug txiav tawm suav nrog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob txiav tawm, teeb tsa lub sijhawm txiav tawm, teeb tsa lub peev xwm txiav tawm, teeb tsa qhov tsis zoo voltage gradient txiav tawm, thiab lwm yam. yog, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov paug tawm kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tso tawm, suav nrog: tso tawm tam sim no, tawm qhov kub thiab txias, tawm qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm; tsis tu ncua lossis tsis tu ncua. Qhov loj dua qhov tso tawm tam sim no, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage poob sai dua; Nrog rau qhov tso tawm kub, qhov paug tawm nkhaus hloov maj mam.

(1) Kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua

Thaum qhov kev tso tawm tas li tam sim no, tus nqi tam sim no tau teeb tsa, thiab tom qab ntawd tus nqi tam sim no tau mus txog los ntawm kev kho lub CNC qhov tam sim no qhov chaw, thiaj li paub txog qhov tam sim no tawm ntawm lub roj teeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kawg ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub roj teeb tau sau los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv tawm ntawm lub roj teeb. Kev tawm tam sim no tsis tu ncua yog qhov tso tawm ntawm tib lub tso tawm tam sim no, tab sis lub roj teeb hluav taws xob tseem poob qis, yog li lub zog tseem poob qis. Daim duab 5 yog qhov voltage thiab tam sim no nkhaus ntawm qhov tam sim no tawm ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb. Vim qhov kev tso tawm tam sim no tsis tu ncua, lub sijhawm axis tau yooj yim hloov mus rau lub peev xwm (cov khoom lag luam tam sim no thiab lub sijhawm) axis. Daim duab 5 qhia txog qhov voltage-capacity nkhaus ntawm qhov tso tawm tam sim no tas li. Kev tawm tam sim no tsis tu ncua yog txoj kev tso tawm feem ntau siv hauv kev sim roj teeb lithium-ion.

Daim duab 5 tsis tu ncua tam sim no tsis tu ncua voltage them thiab tas li tam sim no tawm curves ntawm ntau tus nqi sib txawv

(2) Lub zog tawm tsis tu ncua

Thaum lub hwj chim tas li tso tawm, lub zog tas li lub hwj chim tus nqi P tau teeb tsa ua ntej, thiab cov zis hluav taws xob U ntawm lub roj teeb tau sau. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tso tawm, P yuav tsum tau tas li, tab sis U yog tas li hloov, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hloov kho tam sim no I ntawm CNC qhov tam sim no qhov chaw raws li formula I = P / U kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm hluav taws xob tas li. . Khaws lub hwj chim tawm tsis hloov, vim tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb tseem poob qis thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, yog li tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob tas li tawm mus ntxiv. Vim lub zog tsis tu ncua, lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke axis tau yooj yim hloov mus rau hauv lub zog (cov khoom ntawm lub zog thiab lub sijhawm) kev sib koom ua ke axis.

Daim duab 6 Lub zog them tas li thiab tawm cov nkhaus ntawm qhov sib txawv ob npaug

Kev sib piv ntawm qhov tso tawm tam sim no tsis tu ncua thiab qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua

Daim duab 7: (a) tus nqi them thiab tso tawm peev xwm ntawm qhov sib txawv; (b) kev them nyiaj thiab kev tawm nkhaus

 Daim duab 7 qhia tau hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab cov kev xeem tawm hauv ob hom ntawm lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb. Raws li lub peev xwm nkhaus hauv FIG. 7 (a), nrog rau qhov nce ntawm tus nqi thiab tso tawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no, qhov tseeb nqi thiab tso tawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb maj mam txo, tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv me me. Tus nqi tiag tiag thiab tso tawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb maj mam txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm lub zog, thiab qhov loj dua qhov sib npaug, qhov muaj peev xwm ploj sai dua. 1 h tus nqi tso tawm muaj peev xwm qis dua li hom ntws tas mus li. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum tus nqi them-tso tawm qis dua li 5 h tus nqi, lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm siab dua nyob rau hauv lub zog tas li, thaum lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm siab dua 5 h tus nqi siab dua nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no.

Los ntawm daim duab 7 (b) qhia tau hais tias lub peev xwm-voltage nkhaus, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj piv, lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb ob hom muaj peev xwm-voltage nkhaus, thiab them thiab tawm voltage platform hloov tsis loj, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm siab piv, tsis tu ncua tam sim no-qhov voltage hom ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua voltage lub sij hawm ntev dua, thiab them voltage platform nce ho, tawm voltage platform yog ho txo.

(3) Kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua

Thaum tsis tu ncua kev tso tawm, tus nqi tsis tu ncua R tau teeb tsa ua ntej txhawm rau sau cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb U. Thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm, R yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, tab sis U hloov tas li, yog li tam sim no kuv tus nqi ntawm CNC tsis tu ncua tam sim no. qhov chaw yuav tsum tau hloov kho tas li raws li cov qauv I = U / R kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb yeej ib txwm txo qis hauv cov txheej txheem tawm, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv yog tib yam, yog li cov paug tawm tam sim no kuv kuj yog qhov txo qis.

(4) Kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua, tsis tu ncua thiab cov mem tes tawm

Lub roj teeb tawm hauv qhov tam sim no tsis tu ncua, lub zog tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, thaum siv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom paub txog kev tswj xyuas kev tawm mus tas li, tsis tu ncua kev tawm thiab cov mem tes tawm. Daim duab 11 qhia txog qhov nkhaus tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob nkhaus ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas pulse charge / tso tawm.

Daim duab 8 Tam sim no curves thiab voltage curves rau ib txwm pulse charge-discharge tests

[Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev tawm nkhaus]

Discharge nkhaus yog hais txog qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov voltage, tam sim no, muaj peev xwm thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub roj teeb lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi thiab kev tawm nkhaus yog nplua nuj heev, nrog rau lub peev xwm, lub zog, kev ua haujlwm voltage thiab voltage platform, kev sib raug zoo ntawm electrode peev xwm thiab lub xeev ntawm tus nqi, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau sau tseg thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm yog lub sij hawm. evolution ntawm tam sim no thiab voltage. Ntau qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim no. Cov nram qab no qhia txog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev tawm nkhaus.

(1) Voltage

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim tawm ntawm lithium ion roj teeb, qhov voltage tsis tsuas yog muaj xws li voltage platform, nruab nrab voltage, nruab nrab voltage, txiav-off voltage, thiab lwm yam. Lub platform voltage yog tus coj voltage tus nqi thaum lub voltage hloov yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab lub peev xwm hloov loj. , uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm dQ / dV. Qhov nruab nrab voltage yog qhov sib thooj voltage tus nqi ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm. Rau cov ntaub ntawv pom tseeb dua ntawm lub platform, xws li lithium hlau phosphate thiab lithium titanate, qhov nruab nrab voltage yog lub platform voltage. Qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm nkhaus (piv txwv li, roj teeb tawm hluav taws xob) muab faib los ntawm lub peev xwm xam cov mis yog u = U (t) * I (t) dt / I (t) dt. Qhov kev txiav tawm voltage yog hais txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus voltage tso cai thaum lub roj teeb tawm. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob qis dua qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub roj teeb yuav poob sai, ua rau cov paug tawm ntau dhau. Overdischarge tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm electrode, poob lub peev xwm tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ua rau lub roj teeb luv luv. Raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv thawj feem, qhov voltage ntawm lub roj teeb muaj feem xyuam rau lub xeev nqi ntawm cov khoom cathode thiab lub peev xwm electrode.

(2) Muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb

Roj teeb muaj peev xwm hais txog tus nqi hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm lub roj teeb nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tso tawm (nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tso tawm tam sim no I, tso tawm kub T, tawm qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm V), qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb los khaws lub zog hauv Ah lossis C. . Lub peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus, xws li tso tawm tam sim no, tawm qhov kub thiab lwm yam. Lub peev xwm loj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nquag hauv cov electrodes zoo thiab tsis zoo.

Lub peev xwm theoretical: lub peev xwm muab los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Lub peev xwm tiag tiag: lub peev xwm tiag tiag tso tawm hauv qee qhov kev tso tawm.

Rated peev: yog hais txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub hwj chim lav los ntawm lub roj teeb nyob rau hauv lub tsim tawm tej yam kev mob.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem tawm, lub peev xwm yog xam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tam sim no dhau lub sij hawm, piv txwv li C = I (t) dt, tsis tu ncua tam sim no hauv t tas li tso tawm, C = I (t) dt = I t; tsis tu ncua R discharge, C = I (t) dt = (1 / R) * U (t) dt (1 / R) * tawm (u yog qhov nruab nrab tawm hluav taws xob, t yog lub sijhawm tawm).

Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb: Txhawm rau sib piv cov roj teeb sib txawv, lub tswv yim ntawm lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb tau qhia. Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb yog hais txog lub peev xwm muab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm chav tsev loj lossis chav tsev ntim electrode, uas yog hu ua lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb lossis lub ntim tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev suav niaj hnub yog: lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb = roj teeb thawj zaug tso tawm peev / (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau * cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv tus nqi)

Yam cuam tshuam rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm:

ib. Kev tso tawm tam sim no ntawm lub roj teeb: qhov loj dua tam sim no, cov zis muaj peev xwm txo qis;

b. Tshem tawm qhov kub ntawm lub roj teeb: thaum qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tso zis muaj peev xwm txo qis;

c. Kev tawm hluav taws xob txiav tawm ntawm lub roj teeb: lub sijhawm tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrode nws tus kheej feem ntau yog 3.0V lossis 2.75V.

d. Them thiab tawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub roj teeb: tom qab ntau tus nqi thiab tso tawm ntawm lub roj teeb, vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub roj teeb yuav tuaj yeem txo qhov tso tawm ntawm lub roj teeb.

e. Cov kev them nqi ntawm lub roj teeb: them tus nqi, qhov kub thiab txias, txiav tawm voltage cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb, yog li txiav txim siab lub peev xwm tawm.

 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm:

Cov kev lag luam sib txawv muaj cov qauv ntsuas sib txawv raws li kev ua haujlwm. Rau cov roj teeb lithium-ion rau 3C cov khoom, raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB / T18287-2000 General Specification rau Lithium-ion roj teeb rau xov tooj ntawm tes, qhov ntsuas lub peev xwm ntsuas ntawm lub roj teeb yog raws li nram no: a) them: 0.2C5A them; b) tso tawm: 0.2C5A tso tawm; c) tsib lub voj voog, uas ib qho tsim nyog.

Rau kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob, raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB / T 31486-2015 Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob, qhov ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb hais txog lub peev xwm (Ah) tso tawm los ntawm lub roj teeb ntawm chav tsev kub. nrog 1I1 (A) tawm tam sim no kom ncav cuag qhov kev txiav tawm voltage, uas I1 yog 1 teev tus nqi tawm tam sim no, nws tus nqi sib npaug rau C1 (A). Txoj kev xeem yog:

A) Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nres qhov hluav taws xob tas li thaum them nrog qhov tam sim no them mus rau qhov kev txiav tawm hluav taws xob uas tau teev tseg los ntawm lub tuam txhab, thiab nres qhov them thaum lub sijhawm them tam sim no poob rau 0.05I1 (A), thiab tuav lub them rau 1h tom qab. them nqi.

Bb) Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, lub roj teeb raug tso tawm nrog 1I1 (A) tam sim no kom txog thaum cov paug tawm mus txog qhov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob tau teev tseg hauv kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm;

C) ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm tawm tau ( ntsuas los ntawm Ah), xam qhov tso tawm lub zog tshwj xeeb ( ntsuas los ntawm Wh / kg);

3 d) Rov ua cov kauj ruam a) -) c) 5 zaug. Thaum qhov sib txawv heev ntawm 3 qhov kev xeem sib law liag yog tsawg dua 3% ntawm qhov ntsuas muaj peev xwm, qhov kev xeem tuaj yeem ua tiav ua ntej thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 3 qhov kev xeem dhau los tuaj yeem nruab nrab.

(3) Lub Xeev Tus Nqi, SOC

SOC (State of Charge) yog lub xeev them nqi, sawv cev rau qhov sib piv ntawm lub peev xwm ntxiv ntawm lub roj teeb rau nws lub xeev them tag nrho tom qab lub sijhawm lossis lub sijhawm ntev nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev tso tawm. Txoj kev "qhib-circuit voltage + teev-lub sij hawm kev koom ua ke" txoj kev siv cov txheej txheem qhib-circuit voltage los kwv yees tus nqi pib lub xeev lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab tom qab ntawd siv txoj kev sib koom ua ke teev sijhawm kom tau txais lub zog siv los ntawm lub xeev. - lub sij hawm integration method. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm tam sim no thiab lub sijhawm tso tawm, thiab lub zog ntxiv yog sib npaug ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog pib thiab lub zog siv. SOC lej kwv yees nruab nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qhib hluav taws xob thiab ib teev ib teev yog:

Qhov twg CN yog lub peev xwm ntsuas; η yog tus nqi-tso tawm efficiency; T yog lub roj teeb siv kub; Kuv yog lub roj teeb tam sim no; t yog lub sijhawm tso tawm roj teeb.

DOD (Depth of Discharge) yog qhov tso tawm qhov tob, qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov paug tawm, uas yog feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov peev txheej tawm mus rau tag nrho cov peev txheej tawm. Qhov tob ntawm qhov paug tawm muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub neej ntawm lub roj teeb: qhov tob ntawm qhov paug tawm, lub neej luv dua. Kev sib raug zoo yog xam rau SOC = 100% -DOD

4) Lub zog thiab lub zog tshwj xeeb

Lub zog hluav taws xob uas lub roj teeb tuaj yeem tso tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab nraud hauv qee qhov xwm txheej yog hu ua lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab chav tsev feem ntau qhia hauv wh. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tawm nkhaus, lub zog yog xam raws li nram no: W = U (t) * I (t) dt. Ntawm qhov tso tawm tam sim no, W = I * U (t) dt = Nws * u (u yog qhov nruab nrab tawm hluav taws xob, t yog lub sijhawm tawm)

ib. Theoretical zog

Cov txheej txheem tso tawm ntawm lub roj teeb yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev sib npaug, thiab qhov hluav taws xob tawm tswj tus nqi ntawm electromotive force (E), thiab kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nquag yog 100%. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub zog tso zis ntawm lub roj teeb yog lub zog theoretical, uas yog, kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ua los ntawm cov roj teeb rov qab los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

b. Lub zog tiag tiag

Lub zog tso zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb tawm yog hu ua lub zog tiag tiag, cov kev cai ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob kev lag luam ("GB / T 31486-2015 Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob"), lub roj teeb ntawm chav tsev kub nrog 1I1 (A ) tam sim no tawm, kom ncav cuag lub zog (Wh) tso tawm los ntawm qhov txiav tawm voltage, hu ua lub zog ntsuas.

c. lub zog tshwj xeeb

Lub zog muab los ntawm lub roj teeb rau ib chav tsev loj thiab ib chav tsev ntim yog hu ua lub zog tshwj xeeb lossis ntim tshwj xeeb lub zog, kuj hu ua lub zog ntom ntom. Hauv units ntawm wh / kg lossis wh / L.

[Qhov yooj yim daim ntawv ntawm kev tawm nkhaus]

Daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawm qhov nkhaus yog qhov voltage-lub sij hawm thiab tam sim no lub sij hawm nkhaus. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sij hawm axis xam, cov kab hluav taws xob feem ntau kuj muaj qhov voltage-capacity (specific peev) nkhaus, voltage-zog (specific zog) nkhaus, voltage-SOC nkhaus thiab hais txog.

(1) Voltage-time thiab tam sim no nkhaus

Daim duab 9 Voltage-time thiab tam sim no-lub sij hawm nkhaus

(2) Voltage-capacity nkhaus

Daim duab 10 Voltage-capacity nkhaus

(3) Voltage-zog nkhaus

Daim duab 11. Voltage-zog nkhaus

[reference documentation]

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• Eom KS, Joshi T, Bordes A, thiab lwm yam
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• Marinaro M, Yoon D, Gabrielli G, thiab al.High performance 1.2 Ah Si-alloy/Graphite|LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 qauv Li-ion roj teeb[J].Journal of Power Sources.2017, 357(Supplement C): 188-197.