Ultra-thin solar cells?

Ultra-thin solar cells?

Ultra-thin solar cells txhim kho: 2D perovskite compounds muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los tawm tsam cov khoom loj.

Cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm Rice University tau ua tiav cov qauv ntsuas tshiab hauv kev tsim cov atomic-scale nyias lub hnub ci ua los ntawm semiconductor perovskites, nce lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thaum tswj lawv lub peev xwm tiv taus ib puag ncig.

Lub Aditya Mohite lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm Rice University's George R Brown Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Engineering pom tias lub hnub ci txo qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov atomic txheej hauv ob sab perovskite, txaus los ua kom cov photovoltaic efficiency ntawm cov khoom ntau npaum li 18%, uas yog nquag mus. . Lub leap zoo heev tau ua tiav hauv daim teb thiab ntsuas hauv feem pua.

"Nyob rau hauv 10 xyoo, kev ua tau zoo ntawm perovskite tau nce los ntawm 3% mus rau ntau dua 25%," Mohite hais. "Lwm cov semiconductors yuav siv sijhawm li 60 xyoo kom ua tiav. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj li zoo siab heev."

Perovskite yog ib qho sib xyaw nrog lub cubic lattice thiab yog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Lawv lub peev xwm tau paub ntau xyoo, tab sis lawv muaj teeb meem: Lawv tuaj yeem hloov lub hnub ci mus rau lub zog, tab sis lub hnub ci thiab noo noo tuaj yeem degrade lawv.

"Lub hnub ci tshuab thev naus laus zis xav tias yuav kav ntev li 20 mus rau 25 xyoo," said Mohite, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab biomolecular engineering thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab nanoengineering. "Peb tau ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo thiab txuas ntxiv siv cov perovskites loj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis tsis ruaj khov heev. Hauv kev sib piv, ob-seem perovskites muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig txaus los muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev.

"Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog ua kom lawv muaj txiaj ntsig yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg."
Rice engineers thiab lawv cov neeg koom tes los ntawm Purdue University thiab Northwestern University, Los Alamos, Argonne thiab Brookhaven ntawm US Department of Energy National Laboratory, thiab lub koom haum ntawm Electronics thiab Digital Technology (INSA) nyob rau hauv Rennes, Fabkis, thiab lawv cov neeg koom tes pom tias nyob rau hauv ib co ob-dimensional perovskites, tshav ntuj zoo shrinks qhov chaw ntawm atoms, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm nqa hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Mocht tau hais tias "Peb pom tias thaum koj ignite cov khoom, koj nyem nws zoo li daim txhuam cev thiab sib sau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg los txhim kho cov nqi xa mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawd," Mocht hais. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias tso ib txheej ntawm cov organic cations ntawm cov iodide rau saum thiab cov hlau lead hauv qab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej.

Mocht tau hais tias "Qhov haujlwm no tseem ceeb heev rau kev kawm txog cov xeev zoo siab thiab quasiparticles, qhov twg ib txheej ntawm cov nqi zoo nyob rau lwm qhov, thiab tus nqi tsis zoo yog nyob ntawm lwm tus, thiab lawv tuaj yeem sib tham," Mocht hais. "Cov no yog hu ua excitons, thiab lawv yuav muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

"Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tso cai rau peb nkag siab thiab kho cov teeb meem teeb meem yooj yim no yam tsis tau tsim cov txheej txheem heterostructures xws li stacked 2D hloov pauv hlau dichalcogenides," nws hais.

Cov npoj yaig hauv Fabkis tau lees paub qhov kev sim nrog lub computer qauv. Jacky Even, xibfwb ntawm Physics ntawm INSA, tau hais tias: "Qhov kev tshawb fawb no muab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb los muab cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws ab initio simulation, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb siv cov chaw loj hauv teb chaws synchrotron, thiab in-situ characterization ntawm solar cells hauv kev ua haujlwm. ." "Daim ntawv no piav qhia thawj zaug yuav ua li cas qhov tshwm sim seepage dheev tso tawm cov nqi them tam sim no hauv cov khoom siv perovskite."

Ob qhov kev tshwm sim qhia tau hais tias tom qab 10 feeb ntawm kev raug rau lub hnub ci simulator ntawm lub hnub ci siv, ob sab perovskite shrinks los ntawm 0.4% raws nws ntev thiab txog 1% ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Lawv tau ua pov thawj tias cov nyhuv tuaj yeem pom hauv 1 feeb hauv qab tsib lub hnub siv.

Li Wenbin, tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav hauv Rice thiab tus thawj coj sau ntawv hais tias "Nws tsis zoo li ntau, tab sis qhov 1% shrinkage ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm lub lattice yuav ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv electron ntws. "Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv tau nce peb npaug."

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice ua rau cov khoom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob degradation, txawm tias thaum tshav kub mus rau 80 degrees Celsius (176 degrees Fahrenheit). Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem pom tias cov lattice sai sai rov qab mus rau nws tus qauv teeb tsa thaum lub teeb raug kaw.

"Ib qho ntawm cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm 2D perovskites yog tias lawv feem ntau muaj cov organic atoms uas ua raws li cov av noo, ruaj khov, thiab daws teeb meem ion tsiv teb tsaws," hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav thiab tus thawj coj sau Siraj Sidhik. "3D perovskites yog qhov ua rau thermal thiab lub teeb tsis ruaj khov, yog li cov kws tshawb fawb pib muab 2D txheej rau saum cov perovskites loj heev los saib seb lawv puas tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho tib si.

"Peb xav tias, cia li hloov mus rau 2D thiab ua kom nws muaj txiaj ntsig," nws hais.

Txhawm rau saib xyuas qhov kev poob qis ntawm cov khoom siv, pab pawg siv ob lub chaw siv ntawm US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science: National Synchrotron Light Source II ntawm Brookhaven National Laboratory ntawm US Department of Energy thiab Advanced State Laboratory ntawm US Department of Energy lub Argonne National Laboratory. Photon Source (APS) Laboratory.

Argonne physicist Joe Strzalka, tus sau ntawv tus kws sau ntawv, siv APS's ultra-ci X-rays los ntes cov kev hloov pauv me me hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm. Cov cuab yeej rhiab heev ntawm 8-ID-E ntawm APS beamline tso cai rau "kev ua haujlwm" cov kev tshawb fawb, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum cov cuab yeej tau tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias lossis ib puag ncig hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, Strzalka thiab nws cov npoj yaig nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub hnub ci rau simulated hnub ci thaum ua kom qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua thiab pom cov kev sib cog lus me me ntawm qib atomic.

Raws li kev tswj hwm kev sim, Strzalka thiab nws cov kws sau ntawv tau khaws cia hauv chav tsaus, nce qhov kub, thiab pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv nthuav dav. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub teeb nws tus kheej, tsis yog cua sov nws generates, ua rau transformation.

Strzalka tau hais tias "Rau qhov kev hloov pauv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm," Strzalka tau hais. "Ib yam li koj tus kws kho tsheb xav khiav koj lub cav kom pom tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv nws, peb yeej tseem xav ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no, tsis yog ib qho snapshot. Cov chaw xws li APS tso cai rau peb ua qhov no."

Strzalka tau taw qhia tias APS tab tom hloov kho qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom qhov ci ntawm nws cov X-rays txog li 500 zaug. Nws tau hais tias thaum nws ua tiav, cov kab teeb ci dua thiab nrawm dua, cov cuab yeej ntse dua yuav ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv no nrog kev nkag siab zoo dua.

Qhov no tuaj yeem pab pawg Rice kho cov khoom siv kom ua tau zoo dua. "Peb tab tom tsim cations thiab interfaces kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau dua 20%,," Sidhik hais. "Qhov no yuav hloov txhua yam hauv thaj chaw perovskite vim tias tom qab ntawd tib neeg yuav pib siv 2D perovskite rau 2D perovskite / silicon thiab 2D / 3D perovskite series, uas tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig ze li 30%. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws cov kev lag luam zoo nkauj txaus nyiam."