Cov roj teeb uas hloov tau lub xeev yog dab tsi?

Ib pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau tsim ib hom tshiab ntawm cov roj teeb uas muaj zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tsheb fais fab thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws kub hauv laptops thiab smartphones. Cov kws sau ntawv piav txog lawv qhov kev tshawb pom hauv Advanced Energy Materials . Los ntawm kev hloov cov kua electrolytes siv nyob rau hauv cov pa rechargeable roj teeb nrog 'khoom', ceramics lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau zoo dua, siv tau ntev roj teeb uas tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv. Cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias cov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem ua rau txoj hauv kev kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, roj teeb ntsuab rau txhua yam khoom siv nrog rau lub tsheb fais fab.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, los ntawm Asmeskas thiab UK, tau tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov kua electrolytes hauv lithium ion roj teeb rau qee lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv 2016 lawv tshaj tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug solid-state roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm ntau tshaj ob zaug lub voltage ntawm cov pa lithium ion hlwb, tab sis nrog zoo xws li efficiency.

Txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev tsim tshiab kawg no sawv cev rau kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ua ntej dhau los no, tus kws tshawb fawb xibfwb Donald Sadoway los ntawm MIT tau sau tseg tias tseem muaj chaw rau kev txhim kho: "Kev ua tiav cov ionic conductivity siab hauv cov khoom siv ceramic ntawm qhov kub siab tuaj yeem nyuaj," nws piav qhia. "Qhov no yog kev ua tiav tiav." Cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias tom qab kev sim cov roj teeb uas txhim kho no yuav ua pov thawj haum rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob lossis txawm tias siv lub dav hlau dav hlau.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom siv roj teeb puas vim overheating yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv ceramic electrolytes es tsis yog flammable, kua sawv daws yuav. Yog hais tias lub roj teeb puas thiab pib overheat lub ceramic electrolyte chars es tsis txhob igniting, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hluav taws. Lub qhov hws hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv no kuj ua rau lawv nqa tau ntau dua ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob nrog cov ions txav los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv hauv cov khoom.

Cov yam ntxwv no txhais tau hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem nce qhov voltage thiab capacitance ntawm lawv cov roj teeb piv nrog cov uas muaj cov kua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Qhov tseeb, xibfwb Sadoway tau hais tias: "Peb tau ua qauv qhia txog lithium-air cell nrog 12 volts ua haujlwm ntawm 90 ° C [194 ° F]. Qhov ntawd siab dua li lwm tus tau ua tiav."

Qhov kev tsim roj teeb tshiab no muaj lwm yam zoo dua li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, nrog rau qhov tseeb tias ceramic electrolytes feem ntau ruaj khov dua li cov organic. "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog nws ua haujlwm tau zoo npaum li cas," tus xibfwb Sadoway hais. "Peb tau txais ntau lub zog tawm ntawm lub xovtooj no dua li peb muab tso rau hauv nws."

Qhov kev ruaj ntseg no tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ntim cov khoom lag luam hauv lub xeev loj rau hauv lub laptops lossis lub tsheb hluav taws xob yam tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog lawv cov cua sov, ua rau cov cuab yeej muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab ua rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Tam sim no, yog tias cov roj teeb no overheat lawv khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws - zoo li tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim nrog Samsung Galaxy Note 7 xov tooj. Cov nplaim taws uas tshwm sim yuav tsis tuaj yeem kis tau vim tias tsis muaj cua hauv cov hlwb los txhawb kev sib txuas; tseeb tiag, lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau tshaj qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj thawj zaug.

Cov khoom siv no kuj tseem siv tau ntev heev; Hauv qhov sib piv, qee qhov kev sim ua cov roj teeb lithium ion nrog cov kua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab dua (tshaj 100 ° C) niaj hnub ntes hluav taws tom qab 500 lossis 600 cycles. Ceramic electrolytes tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau dua 7500 lub sijhawm them / tawm mus yam tsis muaj hluav taws. "

Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si txuas ntxiv ntawm EVs thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob smartphone. Raws li Sadoway: "Cov laus tiam ntawm cov roj teeb muaj cov kua qaub [tsheb] pib roj teeb. Lawv muaj qhov luv tab sis lawv tau ntseeg tau zoo kawg," nws hais ntxiv tias lawv qhov tsis tau pom dua yog tias "yog tias nws kub dua li ntawm 60 ° C ces. nws yuav ntes hluav taws."

Niaj hnub no cov roj teeb lithium ion, nws piav qhia, yog ib kauj ruam ntawm qhov no. "Lawv muaj ntau qhov ntev tab sis lawv tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev kub hnyiab hnyav thiab hluav taws," nws hais ntxiv tias cov roj teeb uas muaj zog tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau "qhov tseem ceeb" vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm MIT xav tias cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm tsib xyoos los siv dav, tab sis txawm tias thaum ntxov xyoo tom ntej lawv cia siab tias yuav pom cov roj teeb no haum rau hauv smartphones los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj xws li Samsung lossis Apple. Lawv kuj tau sau tseg tias muaj ntau yam kev lag luam siv rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes, suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj thiab lub tsheb hluav taws xob.

Txawm li cas los xij, xibfwb Sadoway ceeb toom tias tseem muaj qee txoj hauv kev mus ua ntej lub tshuab ua tiav. "Peb tau txais ib lub xovtooj uas zoo nkaus li zoo heev tab sis nws yog hnub ntxov heev .

Sadoway ntseeg hais tias qhov kev tawg no yuav tau txais kev pom zoo tam sim ntawd vim tias nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog roj EVs nrog ntau qhov ntau dua tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob smartphone. Tej zaum qhov xav tsis thoob yog nws qhov kev kwv yees tias cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev tuaj yeem siv thoob ntiaj teb tsawg dua tsib xyoos ib zaug cov tuam ntxhab feem ntau ntseeg tau lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau.